• Women and Work
• Black Women
• Children
• Class and Gender
• Commons
• Domestic Labour
• Ecofeminism
• Ethnic Minority Women
• Family Allowance
• Feminist Arguments For Work Centrality
• Feminist Critiques of Work Centrality
• History of Women and Work
• Liberal Feminism
• Materialist Feminism
• Migrant Workers
• Origin of the Family (Engels)
• Radical Feminism
• Social Reproduction
• Third World Women
• Woman and Socialism (Bebel)

References for Theme: Women and Work

• Aassve, Arnstein; Fuochi, Giulia; Mencarini, Letizia
• "Desperate Housework: Relative Resources, Time Availability, Economic Dependency, and Gender Ideology Across Europe" (2014)

• Abrams, Lynn
• "“There Is Many a Thing That Can Be Done with Money”: Women, Barter, and Autonomy in a Scottish Fishing Community in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries" (2012)

• Allen, Davina
• The invisible work of nurses: hospitals, organisation and healthcare (2014)

• Amodio, Suzanne M
• Imagining the New Filipino Heroes: Motivation and Identity of Contemporary Female Migrants (1997)

• Anteby, Michel; Chan, Curtis
• "Invisible Work" (2013)

• Barker, Drucilla K
• "Beyond Women and Economics: Rereading “Women’s Work”" (2005)

• Bell, Diane
• "Women's Business Is Hard Work: Central Australian Aboriginal Women's Love Rituals" (1981)

• Beloso, Brooke Meredith
• "Sex, Work, and the Feminist Erasure of Class" (2012)

• Benston, Margaret
• "The Political Economy of Women's Liberation" (1997)

• Berg, Heather
• "Porn Work, Feminist Critique, and the Market for Authenticity" (2017)

• Berk, Sarah Fenstermaker
• The Gender Factory: The Apportionment of Work in American Households (1985)

  "The imperatives posed by the production of gender relations mean that the division of household labor not only is concerned with the rational sorting and optimal matching of tasks and time household members, but is also centered on the symbolic affirmation of the members or their 'alignment' with each other as husband and wife, man and woman, brother and sister. Nevertheless, how much is gender, and how much is work is hardly the question. Instead, it is clear that, as gender and work are 'done,' already-existing patterns of both are ratified by household members." p. 206

• Bezanson, Kate; Luxton, Meg
• Social Reproduction: Feminist Political Economy Challenges Neo-Liberalism (2006)

  "Social reproduction, when valued by the market, is gendered, often racialized, and poorly remunerated. Where states no longer provided support and where purchasing services on the market was not feasible, the burden of providing additional care and work fell onto families, especially women. In Ontario under the Conservatives (1995-2003), this familializing and individualizing thrust was underlined by a rhetoric about family values and a nostalgic idealization of motherhood and community. As material supports for communities and families were cut, this family ideology blamed families--and mothers in particular--for failing to take responsibility for their members." p. 6

• Bhachu, Parminde; Westwood, Dr Sallie
• Enterprising Women: Ethnicity, Economy and Gender Relations (2004)

• Bhattacharya, Tithi
• Social Reproduction Theory: Remapping Class, Recentering Oppression (2017)

• Blum, Linda M
• Between Feminism and Labor: The Significance of the Comparable Worth Movement (1991)

  "Any evaluation of comparable worth is inextricably linked to a perspective on the existing sex segregation of the labor market. At one extreme is the position that women's choices of employment are constrained only by their own values and preferences, which differ from those of men. In this view, women are willing if unwitting victims of societal norms, as they are socialized to accept a marginal role in the workplace. At the other extreme is the position that large numbers of women are ready, willing, and able to enter male-dominated jobs but are prevented from doing so by the resistance...

• Boris, Eileen
• "When Work Is Slavery" (1998)

  'At a time when organized feminism concentrated on the Equal Rights Amendment, welfare activists insisted on their right to the resources necessary to mother. They demanded, as a New Jersey activist put it, "help in the areas of emergency food, furniture, moving monies, or help with other normal problems confronting Welfare families, given their inadequate income and circumstances." She exclaimed: "We are not unfit mothers, but neither are we magicians; we do not get adequate monies or supportive services to begin with, in order to have a budget at all."' p. 37

• Boserup, Ester
• Woman's Role in Economic Development (2007)

• Bowman, John R; Cole, Alyson M
• "Do Working Mothers Oppress Other Women? The Swedish “Maid Debate” and the Welfare State Politics of Gender Equality" (2009)

• Boyages, John; Kalfa, Senia; Xu, Ying; Koelmeyer, Louise; Mackie, Helen; Viveros, Hector; Taksa, Lucy; Gollan, Paul
• "Worse and worse off: the impact of lymphedema on work and career after breast cancer" (2016)

• Boyages, John; Xu, Ying; Kalfa, Senia; Koelmeyer, Louise; Parkinson, Bonny; Mackie, Helen; Viveros, Hector; Gollan, Paul; Taksa, Lucy
• "Financial cost of lymphedema borne by women with breast cancer" (2017)

• Boydston, Jeanne
• Home and Work: Housework, Wages, and the Ideology of Labor in the Early Republic (2009)

• Brandth, Berit; Haugen, Marit S
• "Doing Farm Tourism: The Intertwining Practices of Gender and Work" (2010)

• Brenner, J
• "Utopian families" (2000)

• Brewis, Joanna
• "Who do you think you are? Feminism, work, ethics and Foucault" (1998)

• Carby, Hazel
• "White woman listen! Black feminism and the boundaries of sisterhood" (2007)

• Carney, Judith; Watts, Michael
• "Disciplining Women? Rice, Mechanization, and the Evolution of Mandinka Gender Relations in Senegambia" (1991)

• Chinchilla, Norma S
• "Industrialization, Monopoly Capitalism, and Women's Work in Guatemala" (1977)

• Costa, Mariarosa Dalla
• "Domestic Labour and the Feminist Movement in Italy since the 1970s" (1988)

• Crago, Anna-Louise
• "Bitches Killing the Nation: Analyzing the Violent State-Sponsored Repression of Sex Workers in Zambia, 2004–2008" (2014)

• Cruz-Torres, María L
• "Unruly Women and Invisible Workers: The Shrimp Traders of Mazatlán, Mexico" (2012)

• Dale, Angela; Holdsworth, Clare
• "Why Don't Minority Ethnic Women in Britain Work Part-time?" (1998)

• Dalla Costa, Mariarosa
• "The Door to the Garden: Feminism and Operaismo" (2002)

• Dalla Costa, Mariarosa; Selma, James
• "Women and the Subversion of Community" (1997)

• Daniels, Arlene Kaplan
• "Invisible work" (1987)

• De Beauvoir, Simone
• The Second Sex (2011)

  (p.538) It is through work that woman has been able, to a large extent, to close the gap separating her from the male; work alone can guarantee her concrete freedom. The system based on her dependence collapses as soon as she ceases to be a parasite; there is no longer need for a masculine mediator between her and the universe. The curse on the woman vassal is that she is not allowed to do anything; so she stubbornly pursues the impossible quest for being through narcissism, love, or religion; when she is productive and active, she regains her transcendence; she affirms herself concretely as subject in her projects;...

• De Lattes, Zulma Recchini; Wainerman, Catalina H
• "Unreliable Account of Women's Work: Evidence from Latin American Census Statistics" (1986)

• DeVault, Marjorie L
• Feeding the Family: The Social Organization of Caring as Gendered Work (1994)

• Del Re, Alisa
• "Feminism and Autonomy: Itinerary of Struggle" (2005)

• Dowd, Michelle M
• Women's Work in Early Modern English Literature and Culture (2009)

• Duncan, Simon; Edwards, Rosalind
• Lone Mothers, Paid Work and Gendered Moral Rationalities (1999)

• Edmond, Wendy; Fleming, Suzie
• All work and no pay: women, housework, and the wages due (1975)

• Ehrenreich, Barbara; Hochschild, Arlie Russell
• Global Woman: Nannies, Maids, and Sex Workers in the New Economy (2002)

• Eisenstein, Zillah R
• Capitalist Patriarchy and the Case for Socialist Feminism (1979)

• Eistenstein, Zillah
• "Developing a Theory of Capitalist Patriarchy" (1979)

• English, Deidre; Epstein, Barbara; Haber, Barbara; MacLean, Judy
• "The Impasse of Socialist-feminism: A Conversation" (1985)

• Fagan, Colette; Grimshaw, Damian; Rubery, Jill; Smith, Mark
• Women and European Employment (2015)

• Fallon, Kathleen Mary
• Paydirt (2007)

• Federici, S
• Feminism and the Politics of the Commons (2011)

• Federici, Silvia
• Wages against Housework (1975)

• Caliban and the Witch (2004)

• "Precarious labor: A feminist viewpoint" (2008)

• Revolution at Point Zero: Housework, Reproduction, and Feminist Struggle (2012)

• "Marx, Feminism, and the Construction of the Commons" (2013)

• Ferber, M A
• "Women and Work: Issues of the 1980s" (1982)

• Ferguson, Ann; Folbre, Nancy
• "The Unhappy Marriage of Matriarchy and Capitalism: Toward a More Progressive Union" (1979)

• Ferree, Myra Marx
• "Between Two Worlds: German Feminist Approaches to Working-Class Women and Work" (1985)

• Ferree, Myra Marx; Martin, Patricia Yancey
• Feminist Organizations: Harvest of the New Women's Movement (1995)

• Fleming, Suzie
• "Family Allowance: the Woman's Money" (1975)

• Fortunati, Polda
• "The Housewife" (1975)

• Fraser, Nancy
• "Feminism, Capitalism, and the Cunning of History" (2012)

• "Contradictions of Capital and Care" (2016)

• Fraser, Nancy; Jaeggi, Rahel
• Capitalism: A Conversation in Critical Theory (2018)

• Freeman, Carla
• High Tech and High Heels in the Global Economy: Women, Work, and Pink-Collar Identities in the Caribbean (2000)

• Froines, Ann
• "Renewing Socialist Feminism" (1992)

• Gheaus, Anca
• "Basic Income, Gender Justice and the Costs of Gender-Symmetrical Lifestyles" (2008)

• Gilman, Charlotte Perkins
• Women and Economics (1900)

  (p.129) Maternal energy is the force through which have come into the world both love and industry. It is through the tireless activity of this desire, the mother’s wish to serve the young, that she began the first of the arts and crafts whereby we live. While the male savage was still a mere hunter and fighter, expressing masculine energy, the katabolic force, along its essential line, expanding, scattering, the female savage worked out in equally natural ways the conserving force of female energy. She gathered together and saved nutrition for the child, as the germ-cell gathers and saves nutrition in...

• The Home (1903)

  (p.82) All industry began at home. All industry was begun by women.Where the patient and laborious squaw once carried on her back the slaughtered game for her own family, now wind and steam and lightning distribute our provisions around the world. Where she once erected a rude shelter of boughs or hides for her own family, now mason and carpenter, steel and iron worker, joiner, lather, plasterer, glazier, plumber, locksmith, painter, and decorator combine to house the world. Where she chewed and scrape the hides, wove bark and grasses, made garments, made baskets, made pottery, made all that was made for...

• Women and Economics: A Study of the Economic Relation Between Men and Women as a Factor in Social Evolution (1997)

• The Home: Its Work and Influence (2002)

• Human Work (2005)

• Glenn, Evelyn Nakan; Chang, Grace; Forcey, Linda Rennie
• Mothering: Ideology, Experience, and Agency (1994)

• God
• 1 Corinthians 3 (1982)

  (p.548) So then neither is he that planteth any thing, neither he that watereth; but God that giveth the increase. {3:8} Now he that planteth and he that watereth are one: and every man shall receive his own reward according to his own labour. {3:9} For we are labourers together with God: ye are God’s husbandry, [ye are] God’s building. {3:10} According to the grace of God which is given unto me, as a wise masterbuilder, I have laid the foundation, and another buildeth thereon. But let every man take heed how he buildeth thereupon. {3:11} For other foundation can no...

• 1 Corinthians 4 (1982)

  (p.548) Even unto this present hour we both hunger, and thirst, and are naked, and are buffeted, and have no certain dwellingplace; {4:12} And labour, working with our own hands: being reviled, we bless; being persecuted, we suffer it: {4:13} Being defamed, we intreat: we are made as the filth of the world. 

• 2 Thessalonians 3 (1982)

  (p.573) Now we command you, brethren, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that ye withdraw yourselves from every brother that walketh disorderly, and not after the tradition which he received of us. {3:7} For yourselves know how ye ought to follow us: for we behaved not ourselves disorderly among you; {3:8} Neither did we eat any man’s bread for nought; but wrought with labour and travail night and day, that we might not be chargeable to any of you: {3:9} Not because we have not power, but to make ourselves an ensample unto you to follow us. {3:10} For...

• 2 Timothy 2 (1982)

  (p.574) The husbandman that laboureth must be first partaker of the fruits.

• Deuteronomy 5 (1982)

  (p.39) Six days thou shalt labour, and do all thy work: {5:14} But the seventh day [is] the sabbath of the LORD thy God: [in it] thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, nor thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thine ox, nor thine ass, nor any of thy cattle, nor thy stranger that [is] within thy gates; that thy manservant and thy maidservant may rest as well as thou.

• Ecclesiastes 1 (1982)

  (p.325) What profit hath a man of all his labour which he taketh under the sun? {1:4} [One] generation passeth away, and [another] generation cometh: but the earth abideth for ever. {1:5} The sun also ariseth, and the sun goeth down, and hasteth to his place where he arose. {1:6} The wind goeth toward the south, and turneth about unto the north; it whirleth about continually, and the wind returneth again according to his circuits. {1:7} All the rivers run into the sea; yet the sea [is] not full; unto the place from whence the rivers come, thither they return again....

• Ecclesiastes 2 (1982)

  (p.325) I made me great works; I builded me houses; I planted me vineyards:  I made me gardens and orchards, and I planted trees in them of all [kind of] fruits:  I made me pools of water, to water therewith the wood that bringeth forth trees:  I got [me] servants and maidens, and had servants born in my house; also I had great possessions of great and small cattle above all that were in Jerusalem before me: I gathered me also silver and gold, and the peculiar treasure of kings and of the provinces: I gat me men singers and women...

• Ecclesiastes 3 (1982)

  (p.326) What profit hath he that worketh in that wherein he laboureth? {3:10} I have seen the travail, which God hath given to the sons of men to be exercised in it. {3:11} He hath made every [thing] beautiful in his time: also he hath set the world in their heart, so that no man can find out the work that God maketh from the beginning to the end. {3:12} I know that [there is] no good in them, but for [a man] to rejoice, and to do good in his life. {3:13} And also that every man should eat and...

• Ecclesiastes 4 (1982)

  (p.326) Again, I considered all travail, and every right work, that for this a man is envied of his neighbour. This [is] also vanity and vexation of spirit. {4:5} The fool foldeth his hands together, and eateth his own flesh. {4:6} Better [is] an handful [with] quietness, than both the hands full [with] travail and vexation of spirit. {4:7} Then I returned, and I saw vanity under the sun. {4:8} There is one [alone,] and [there is] not a second; yea, he hath neither child nor brother: yet [is there] no end of all his labour; neither is his eye satisfied...

• Ecclesiastes 5 (1982)

  (p.328) If thou seest the oppression of the poor, and violent perverting of judgment and justice in a province, marvel not at the matter: for [he that is] higher than the highest regardeth; and [there be] higher than they. {5:9} Moreover the profit of the earth is for all: the king [himself] is served by the field. {5:10} He that loveth silver shall not be satisfied with silver; nor he that loveth abundance with increase: this [is] also vanity. {5:11} When goods increase, they are increased that eat them: and what good [is there] to the owners thereof, saving the beholding...

• Exodus 20 (1982)

  (p.39) And God spake all these words, saying, {20:2} I [am] the LORD thy God, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. {20:3} Thou shalt have no other gods before me. {20:4} Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness [of any thing] that [is] in heaven above, or that [is] in the earth beneath, or that [is] in the water under the earth: {20:5} Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the LORD thy God [am] a jealous God, visiting the...

• Genesis 3 (1982)

  (p.2) And unto Adam he said, Because thou hast hearkened unto the voice of thy wife, and hast eaten of the tree, of which I commanded thee, saying, Thou shalt not eat of it: cursed [is] the ground for thy sake; in sorrow shalt thou eat [of] it all the days of thy life; {3:18} Thorns also and thistles shall it bring forth to thee; and thou shalt eat the herb of the field; {3:19} In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return unto the ground; for out of it wast thou taken: for dust thou...

• James 5 (1982)

  (p.584) Go to now, [ye] rich men, weep and howl for your miseries that shall come upon [you. ]{5:2} Your riches are corrupted, and your garments are motheaten. {5:3} Your gold and silver is cankered; and the rust of them shall be a witness against you, and shall eat your flesh as it were fire. Ye have heaped treasure together for the last days. {5:4} Behold, the hire of the labourers who have reaped down your fields, which is of you kept back by fraud, crieth: and the cries of them which have reaped are entered into the ears of the...

• John 6 (1982)

  (p.510) Labour not for the meat which perisheth, but for that meat which endureth unto everlasting life, 

• Matthew 19 (1982)

  (p.467) Then said Jesus unto his disciples, Verily I say unto you, That a rich man shall hardly enter into the kingdom of heaven. {19:24} And again I say unto you, It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God. {19:25} When his disciples heard [it,] they were exceedingly amazed, saying, Who then can be saved? {19:26} But Jesus beheld [them,] and said unto them, With men this is impossible; but with God all things are possible. {19:27} Then answered Peter and said unto...

• Proverbs 13 (1982)

  (p.317) There is that maketh himself rich, yet [hath] nothing: [there is] that maketh himself poor, yet [hath] great riches. {13:8} The ransom of a man’s life [are] his riches: but the poor heareth not rebuke. {13:9} The light of the righteous rejoiceth: but the lamp of the wicked shall be put out. {13:10} Only by pride cometh contention: but with the well advised [is] wisdom. {13:11} Wealth [gotten] by vanity shall be diminished: but he that gathereth by labour shall increase.

• Proverbs 14 (1982)

  (p.317) In all labour there is profit: but the talk of the lips tendeth only to penury.

• Proverbs 20 (1982)

  (p.318) The desire of the slothful killeth him; for his hands refuse to labour. 

• Proverbs 23 (1982)

  (p.318) Labour not to be rich: cease from thine own wisdom. {23:5} Wilt thou set thine eyes upon that which is not? for [riches] certainly make themselves wings; they fly away as an eagle toward heaven. 

• Proverbs 31 (1982)

  (p.342) Proverbs 31:10-31 – King James Version 10 Who can find a virtuous wife? For her worth is far above rubies. 11 The heart of her husband safely trusts her; So he will have no lack of gain. 12 She does him good and not evil All the days of her life. 13 She seeks wool and flax, And willingly works with her hands. 14 She is like the merchant ships, She brings her food from afar. 15 She also rises while it is yet night, And provides food for her household, And a portion for her maidservants. 16 She considers a field and buys it; From her profits she plants...

• Revelation 18 (1982)

  (p.600) And after these things I saw another angel come down from heaven, having great power; and the earth was lightened with his glory. {18:2} And he cried mightily with a strong voice, saying, Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen, and is become the habitation of devils, and the hold of every foul spirit, and a cage of every unclean and hateful bird. {18:3} For all nations have drunk of the wine of the wrath of her fornication, and the kings of the earth have committed fornication with her, and the merchants of the earth are waxed rich through the...

• Gullickson, Gayl
• "COMMUNITY, WOMEN WORKERS" (1995)

• Gurtler, Sabine
• "The Ethical Dimension of Work: A Feminist Perspective" (2005)

• Hales, Barbara
• "Taming the technological shrew: Woman as machine in Weimar culture" (2010)

• Hartmann, Heidi I
• "Comment on Marnie W. Mueller's "The Economic Determinants of Volunteer Work by Women"" (1976)

• Hartsock, Nancy C M
• Money, Sex, and Power: Toward a Feminist Historical Materialism (1983)

• Hayden, Dolores
• "What Would a Non-Sexist City Be Like? Speculations on Housing, Urban Design, and Human Work" (1980)

• Hennessy, Rosemary; Ingraham, Chrys
• Materialist Feminism: A Reader in Class, Difference, and Women's Lives (1997)

• Higginbotham, Elizabeth; Romero, Mary
• Women and Work: Exploring Race, Ethnicity and Class (1997)

• Himmelweit, Susan
• "Gender, Care and Emotions" (1998)

• Hirata, Helena
• "Subjectivity and Sexuality in Care Work" (2016)

• Hochschild, Arlie Russell
• The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling (1983)

• The Time Bind (1997)

• Hochschild, Arlie; Machung, Anne
• The Second Shift: Working Families and the Revolution at Home (2012)

• Holmstrom, Nancy
• The Socialist Feminist Project: A Contemporary Reader in Theory and Politics (2002)

• Honey, Maureen
• "The Working-Class Woman and Recruitment Propaganda during World War II: Class Differences in the Portrayal of War Work" (1983)

• Hooks, Bell
• Feminism is for Everybody: Passionate Politics (2000)

• Jacobs, Harriet Ann; Jacobs, John S
• Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl: Written by Herself (2009)

• Jaggar, Alison M
• Feminist Politics and Human Nature (1983)

  (p.155) The sexual division of labor in different societies has varied so widely that it is notoriously difficult to construct general economic categories for understanding women's work cross-culturally, but one might suppose that it would be easier to develop categories explaining the sexual division of labor within a given society. Even in the case of contemporary industrial society, however, it is far from obvious how to provide a general and illuminating characterization of women's work that goes beyond the tautology that it is done by women.

• Feminist Politics and Human Nature (1983)

  (p.177) Informal discrimination is manifested not only in assumptions that women arc not suited to certain sorts of work; it can also be expressed through assumptions that women are particularly well-suited for other sorts of work. Within contemporary society, there are strong expectations, often shared even by women themselves, that women should take primary responsibility for the work involved in raising children and in running a home. Women are also expected to provide sexual satisfaction for their husbands or their male partners. Within the paid labor force, they are expected to perform similar sorts of work, providing sexual titillation if not...

• Feminist Politics and Human Nature (1983)

  (p.74) The traditional Marxist categories were not designed to capture the essential features of the sexual division of labor, and it is doubtful whether they are capable of doing the job. Within the public economy, for instance, there is in fact a sharp separation between jobs that are considered appropriate for men and those that are considered suitable for women; men and women rarely work side by side at the same job. The gender-blind categories of Marxist theory, however, obscure rather than reveal this fact. Even more seriously, the central Marxist categories hardly apply at all to the household, which is...

• Feminist Politics and Human Nature (1983)

  (p.78) By obscuring women's oppression, Marxist theory provides a rationale for its perpetuation. The biologistic conception of procreation legitimates women's continuing responsibility for procreative labor. This responsibility, in turn, hinders women's full participation in nonprocreative labor and legitimates sexsegregation in that sphere. At the same time, the biologistic conception of procreation leads to the devaluation of procreative labor: women's work may be socially necessary, but it is not fully historical and hence not fully human work.

• Feminist Politics and Human Nature (1983)

• James, Selma
• Women, the Unions and Work: Or What is Not to Be Done (1974)

• Jany-Catrice, Florence; Méda, Dominique
• "Femmes et richesse : au-delà du PIB" (2011)

• Jenness, Valerie
• Making it Work: the Prostitute's Rights Movement in Perspective (1993)

• Joseph, Gloria
• "The Incompatible Ménage à Trois: Marxism, Feminism and Racism" (1997)

• Joshi, Heather
• "Sex and Motherhood as Handicaps in the Labour Market" (1991)

• Joshi, Heather; Paci, Pierella; Waldfogel, Jane
• "The Wages of Motherhood: Better or Worse?" (1999)

• Kamerman, Sheila B
• "Work and Family in Industrialized Societies" (1979)

• Kaplan Daniels, Arlene
• "Invisible Work" (1987)

• Keough, Willeen
• ""Good looks don’t boil the pot": Irish-Newfoundland women as fish(-producing) wives" (2012)

• Kergoat, Danièle
• Se battre, dissent-elles (2012)

• Kershaw, Paul
• "Caregiving for Identity Is Political: Implications for Citizenship Theory" (2010)

• Kessler-Harris, Alice
• A Woman's Wage: Historical Meanings and Social Consequences (1990)

• Kittay, Eva
• "Loves Labor revisited" (2002)

• Kollontaĭ, Aleksandra
• Selected Writings of Alexandra Kollontai (1977)

• Kovacova, Maria; Kliestikova, Jana; Grupac, Marian; Grecu, Iulia; Grecu, Gheorghe
• "Automating gender roles at work: How digital disruption and artificial intelligence alter industry structures and sex-based divisions of labor" (2019)

• Kung, Lydia
• "Factory Work and Women in Taiwan: Changes in Self-Image and Status" (1976)

• Lake, Marilyn
• "Childbearers as Rights-bearers: Feminist Discourse on the Rights of Aboriginal and Non-aboriginal Mothers in Australia, 1920–50" (1999)

• Laws, Judith Long
• "Work Aspiration of Women: False Leads and New Starts" (1976)

• Lee, Sang E
• "Unpacking the Packing Plant: Nicaraguan Migrant Women’s Work in Costa Rica’s Evolving Export Agriculture Sector" (2010)

• Levine, Martin P; Leonard, Robin
• "Discrimination against Lesbians in the Work Force" (1984)

• Lewis, Mary Daly, Jane; Daly, Mary; Lewis, Jane
• "The concept of social care and the analysis of contemporary welfare states" (2000)

• Loengard, Janet S
• "A Medieval Life: Cecilia Penifader of Brigstock, c. 1295-1344.Judith M. Bennett" (2000)

• Lombardozzi, Lorena
• "Gender inequality, social reproduction and the universal basic income" (2020)

• Martin, Hélène; Messant, Françoise; Pannatier, Gaël; Roca i Escoda, Marta; Rosende, Magdalena; Roux, Patricia
• "L'ambivalence du travail: entre exploitation et émancipation" (2008)

• Mazzarino, Andrea
• "Entrepreneurial Women and the Business of Self-Development in Global Russia" (2013)

• McCrate, Elaine
• "Comment on Ferber's "Women and Work: Issues of the 1980s"" (1983)

• Medard, Modesta
• "Relations Between People, Relations about Things: Gendered Investment and the Case of the Lake Victoria Fishery, Tanzania" (2012)

• Mies, Maria
• Patriarchy and Accumulation on a World Scale (1986)

  (p.47) It is thus necessary, with regard to the concept of productivity of labour, to reject its narrow definitionand to show that labour can only be productive in the sense of producing surplus value as long as it can tap,extract, exploit, and appropriate that labour which is spent in the production of life, or in subsistence productionwhich is non-wage labour mainly done by women. As this production of life is the perennial preconditionof all other historical forms of productive labour, including that under conditions of capital accumulation,it has to be defined as work and not as unconscious 'natural' activity. Human beings do not only live: they produce their...

• Mies, Maria; Bennholdt-Thomsen, Veronika
• The Subsistence Perspective: Beyond the Globalised Economy (2000)

• Mill, John Stuart
• The Subjection of Women (1869)

• Miller, Jody; Carbone-Lopez, Kristin
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  (p.206) Do experiences in work change our personality as we move from the pressures of starting a career iti young adulthood to the responsibilities of maintaining a career in midhfe? Two positions on personality change are relevant to this question. The plaster hypothesis holds that personality does not change after young adulthood (approximately age 30; e.g., Costa & McCrae, 1988). The obvious conclusion one would draw from this position is that occupational experiences that occur after young adulthood cannot influence that which refuses to change. The second position is more optimistic about the malleability of personality dispositions. Many adult developmental researchers...

• "Plaster or plasticity: are adult work experiences associated with personality change in women?" (1997)

  (p.208) If occupational experiences are associated with personality development at any time in adulthood, what are the mechanisms and processes through which work would affect psychological functioning? Several mechanisms categorized under the term "socialization processes" are thought to underlie personality change. For example, individuals often change their behavior as they leam the norms associated with their work roies (Tumer, 1974). People also leam role-appropriate behavior through identification with, or emulation of, a role model such as a mentor or supervisor (Bandura, 1969). Individuals also change their identity by observing how coworkers and supervisors perceive them, and redefine their self-perceptions according to...

• "Plaster or plasticity: are adult work experiences associated with personality change in women?" (1997)

  (p.211) The age at which personality change covaries with work experience is intrinsic to testing the plaster and plasticity models as previously set forth. According to the plaster hypothesis (personality sets at age 30), we would expect work experiences to be as.sociated with individual differences in personality change disproportionately in young adulthood (from age 21 to 27) and not at all from young adulthood to early midlife (age 27 to 43). In contrast, the plasticity position proposes that personality change can happen at any age in adulthood. Thus, according to the plasticity model we might find personality change to be associated...

• "Plaster or plasticity: are adult work experiences associated with personality change in women?" (1997)

  (p.226) This study attempted to address why and when people change at different times in adulthood, that is, whether dispositional change is associated with work experience and if so, when over the course of young and middle adulthood the change occurs. Interestingly, work experiences were not associated with women's personality change in young adulthood, but were in early midlife. This pattem of associations between personality change and work experience contradicted the predictions of the plaster hypothesis and provided support for the plasticity model of adult development, which states that personality change can happen at any age in adulthood.

• "Plaster or plasticity: are adult work experiences associated with personality change in women?" (1997)

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