• Capitalism
• Academic Work
• Call Centres
• Control
• Digital Work
• Discipline
• Fordism
• Gig Work
• Global Value Chains
• Globalised Labour Process
• Lean Production
• Neoliberal self
• Outsourcing
• Platforms
• Post-Fordism
• Productive Models
• Surveillance
• Sweatshops
• Taylorism
• Toyotism
• Washington Consensus
• Workfare

References for Theme: Capitalism

• Altenried, Moritz
• "The platform as factory: Crowdwork and the hidden labour behind artificial intelligence {p.146]" (2020)

  Crowdworkers form a growing component of the digital working class as well as the political economy of the Internet more generally, filling in where software fails to find solutions. Working from their personal computers, they constitute a hyperflexible, on-demand workforce which can be accessed and let go in seconds. Many of them sweat over minor tasks which are not (yet) computable by machines but can be solved by a distributed mass of human cognition organised by algorithmic infrastructures. In this function, crowdwork is a crucial, if seldom discussed component in the development, training and support of artificial intelligence.

• "The platform as factory: Crowdwork and the hidden labour behind artificial intelligence" (2020)

• "The platform as factory: Crowdwork and the hidden labour behind artificial intelligence" (2020)

• Appel, Hannah
• "Finance, Figuration, and the Alternative Banking Group of Occupy Wall Street" (2014)

• Applebaum, Herbert A
• Work in Market and Industrial Societies (1984)

• Aronowitz, Stanley; Cutler, Jonathan
• Post-work (2013)

• Attas, Daniel; De-Shalit, Avner
• "Workfare: the Subjection of Labour" (2004)

• Austrin, Terry; West, Jackie
• "Skills and Surveillance in Casino Gaming: Work, Consumption and Regulation" (2005)

• Avis, James
• "Post-Work, Post-Capitalism and the Fourth Industrial Revolution" (2020)

• Baldwin, Carliss Y; Woodard, C Jason
• "The Architecture of Platforms: A Unified View" (2009)

• Barry, John
• The Politics of Actually Existing Unsustainability: Human Flourishing in a Climate-Changed, Carbon Constrained World (2012)

• Bastani, Aaron
• "We don’t need more austerity, we need luxury communism" (2015)

• Battistoni, Alyssa
• "The False Promise of Universal Basic Income" (2017)

  (p.51) The unequal society that futurists fear wouldn’t come about because the robots arrived—it would be because so few people owned them.

• "The False Promise of Universal Basic Income" (2017)

  (p.59) the problem with basic income is that it tends to be read as an idea without an ideology

• "The False Promise of Universal Basic Income" (2017)

• Bello, Walden
• Deglobalization: Ideas for a New World Economy (2008)

• Capitalism's Last Stand?: Deglobalization in the Age of Austerity (2013)

• Berardi, Franco
• The Soul at Work: From Alienation to Autonomy (2009)

• Bezanson, Kate; Luxton, Meg
• Social Reproduction: Feminist Political Economy Challenges Neo-Liberalism (2006)

  "Social reproduction, when valued by the market, is gendered, often racialized, and poorly remunerated. Where states no longer provided support and where purchasing services on the market was not feasible, the burden of providing additional care and work fell onto families, especially women. In Ontario under the Conservatives (1995-2003), this familializing and individualizing thrust was underlined by a rhetoric about family values and a nostalgic idealization of motherhood and community. As material supports for communities and families were cut, this family ideology blamed families--and mothers in particular--for failing to take responsibility for their members." p. 6

• Boltanski, Luc; Chiapello, Eve
• The New Spirit of Capitalism (2005)

• Boyer, Robert
• "Platform capitalism: a socio-economic analysis" (2021)

• Boyer, Robert; Freyssenet, Michel
• The Productive Models: The Conditions of Profitability (2002)

• Brandth, Berit; Haugen, Marit S
• "Doing Farm Tourism: The Intertwining Practices of Gender and Work" (2010)

• Braverman, Harry
• Labor and Monopoly Capital: The Degradation of Work in the Twentieth Century (1998)

• Burawoy, Michael
• Manufacturing Consent: Changes in the Labor Process Under Monopoly Capitalism (1982)

• Celentano, Denise
• "Automation, Labour Justice, and Equality" (2019)

• Chinchilla, Norma S
• "Industrialization, Monopoly Capitalism, and Women's Work in Guatemala" (1977)

• Clegg, S; Dunkerley, D
• Organization, Class and Control (2013)

• Couldry, Nick; Mejias, Ulises A
• The Costs of Connection: How Data Are Colonizing Human Life and Appropriating It for Capitalism (2020)

• Danaher, John; Hogan, Michael J; Noone, Chris; Kennedy, Rónán; Behan, Anthony; De Paor, Aisling; Felzmann, Heike; Haklay, Muki; Khoo, Su-Ming; Morison, John; Murphy, Maria Helen; O'Brolchain, Niall; Schafer, Burkhard; Shankar, Kalpana
• "Algorithmic governance: Developing a research agenda through the power of collective intelligence" (2017)

• Deranty, Jean-Philippe
• "Travail et expérience de la domination dans le néolibéralisme contemporain" (2011)

• Dinerstein, Ana C; Neary, Michael
• "Anti-Value-in-Motion: Labour, Real Subsumption and the Struggles against Capitalism" (2002)

• Doogan, Kevin
• New Capitalism? (2009)

• Drèze, Jacques H
• Labour Management, Contracts, and Capital Markets: A General Equilibrium Approach (1989)

• Dyer-Witheford, Nick
• Cyber-Marx, Cycles and Circuits of Struggle in High-Technology Capitalism (1999)

• Cyber-proletariat: Global Labour in the Digital Vortex (2015)

• Eichhorst, Werner; Portela Souza, André; Cahuc, Pierre; Demazière, Didier; Fagan, Colette; Guimarães, Nadya Araujo; Fu, Huiyan; Kalleberg, Arne; Manning, Alan; McGinnity, Frances; Rapoport, Hillel; Scranton, Phil; Siegrist, Johannes; Thelen, Kathleen; Valfort, Marie-Anne; Visser, Jelle
• "The Future of Work – Good Jobs for All" (2018)

• Eisenstein, Zillah R
• Capitalist Patriarchy and the Case for Socialist Feminism (1979)

• Eistenstein, Zillah
• "Developing a Theory of Capitalist Patriarchy" (1979)

• Elson, Diane
• "The Value Theory of Labour" (1979)

• Elster, Jon; Moene, Karl O
• Alternatives to Capitalism (1989)

• Fagioli, Andrea
• "To exploit and dispossess: The twofold logic of platform capitalism" (2021)

• Fayard, Anne-Laure
• "Notes on the Meaning of Work: Labor, Work, and Action in the 21st Century" (2021)

  (p.217) Going back to Arendt’s suggestion to “think what we are doing” , I propose to do just that to make sense of the changing nature of “work,” to study what we are doing. Considering whether the activities people engaged in are work or not will allow us to unpack the social and political implications of the emerging activities, new organizational arrangements, and sociotechnical practices they include.

• "Notes on the Meaning of Work: Labor, Work, and Action in the 21st Century" (2021)

• Fischbach, Franck
• "Comment le capital capture le temps" (2009)

• Sans objet: capitalisme, subjectivité, aliénation (2009)

• La privation de monde: temps, espace et capital (2011)

• Fish, Adam; Srinivasan, Ramesh
• "Digital Labor is the New Killer App" (2012)

• Fleming, Peter
• The Mythology of Work (2015)

• Fraser, Nancy
• "Feminism, Capitalism, and the Cunning of History" (2012)

• "Contradictions of Capital and Care" (2016)

• Freyssenet, M; Mair, A; Volpato, G; Shimizu, K
• One best way?: trajectories and industrial models of the world's automobile producers (1998)

• Fuchs, Christian
• "Marx’s Capital in the Information Age" (2017)

• "Appropriation of Digital Machines and Appropriation of Fixed Capital as the Real Appropriation of Social Being: Reflections on Toni Negri’s Chapter" (2019)

• Fuchs, Christian; Mosco, Vincent
• Marx in the Age of Digital Capitalism (2016)

• Glucksmann, Miriam A
• "Call Configurations: Varieties of Call Centre and Divisions of Labour" (2004)

• Gorz, André
• Reclaiming Work: Beyond the Wage-based Society (1999)

• The Immaterial: Knowledge, Value and Capital (2010)

• Graeber, David
• The Utopia of Rules: On Technology, Stupidity, and the Secret Joys of Bureaucracy (2015)

• Graham, Mark; Hjorth, Isis; Lehdonvirta, Vili
• "Digital Labour and Development: Impacts of Global Digital Labour Platforms and the Gig Economy on Worker Livelihoods" (2017)

• Grey, C
• "We Are All Managers Now; We Always Were: On the Development and Demise of Management" (1999)

• Grey, Christopher
• "Towards A Critique of Managerialism: the Contribution of Simone Weil" (1996)

• Hochschild, Arlie Russell
• The Commercialization of Intimate Life: Notes from Home and Work (2003)

• The Outsourced Self: Intimate Life In Market Times (2012)

• Holloway, John; Sergi, Vittorio
• Crack capitalism (2010)

• Hoque, Kim; Kirkpatrick, Ian; Lonsdale, Chris; De Ruyter, Alex
• "Outsourcing the Procurement of Agency Workers: The Impact of Vendor Managed Services in English Social Care" (2011)

• Horgan, Amelia
• Lost in Work: Escaping Capitalism (2021)

• Hughes, John
• The End of Work: Theological Critiques of Capitalism (2008)

• Huws, Ursula
• Labor in the Global Digital Economy: The Cybertariat Comes of Age (2014)

• Ince, Onur Ulas
• "Bringing the Economy Back In: Hannah Arendt, Karl Marx, and the Politics of Capitalism" (2016)

• Ipeirotis, Panagiotis G
• "Demographics of Mechanical Turk" (2010)

• Irani, Lilly
• "The Cultural Work of Microwork" (2015)

  doi: 10.1177/1461444813511926

• Jackson, Norman; Carter, Pippa
• "Labour as Dressage" (1998)

• Jaeggi, Rahel
• "Pathologies of Work" (2017)

• Jarrahi, Mohammad Hossein
• "In the Age of the Smart Artificial Intelligence: AI’s dual capacities for automating and informating work" (2019)

• Justie, Brian
• "Inhuman power: artificial intelligence and the future of capitalism, digital barricades: Interventions in digital culture and politics" (2020)

• Kaivo-Oja, Jari; Roth, Steffen; Westerlund, Leo
• "Futures of Robotics. Human Work in Digital Transformation" (2017)

• Keat, R
• Cultural Goods and the Limits of the Market (2000)

• "Practices, Firms and Varieties of Capitalism" (2008)

  (p.84) Putting aside the claims about incremental innovation, what is important for my purposes is that these characteristics of work in CMEs [Coordinated Market Economies] – the use of high levels of skill, combined with the absence of close supervision and opportunities for initiative - correspond closely to those identified in numerous studies as the key sources of so-called intrinsic work satisfaction. By contrast, when work is unskilled, repetitive and closely monitored (especially when this is connected to ‘payment by results’ reward systems), there is little possibility of such intrinsic satisfaction, and hence of work being valued in anything other than...

• "Practices, Firms and Varieties of Capitalism" (2008)

  (p.86) So what is institutionally favoured in LMEs is for individuals to conceive of their career as something very much ‘their own’, in that it has no essential reference to any specific kind of practice or any particular organisational location, and depends on skills that can be transported and adapted to many different contexts. The career trajectory is highly mobile and fluid, and what counts as success will have to be defined independently of any practice-specific criteria, and hence perhaps primarily in terms of MacIntyre’s external goods of money, status and power. This does not  imply the absence of intrinsic work-satisfactions,...

• "Practices, Firms and Varieties of Capitalism" (2008)

• Kingsley, Sara; Gray, Mary-Louise; Suri, Siddharth
• "Monopsony and the Crowd: Labor for Lemons?" (2014)

• Kornelakis, Andreas
• "Liberalization, Flexibility and Industrial Relations Institutions: Evidence from Italian and Greek Banking" (2014)

• Kougiannou, Nadia K; Mendonça, Pedro
• "Breaking the managerial silencing of worker voice in platform capitalism: The rise of a food courier network" (2021)

• Lazzarato, Maurizio
• "Immaterial Labor" (1996)

• Lemmens, Pieter
• "Social Autonomy and Heteronomy in the Age of ICT: The Digital Pharmakon and the (Dis)Empowerment of the General Intellect" (2017)

• Lombardozzi, Lorena
• "Gender inequality, social reproduction and the universal basic income" (2020)

• McGann, Michael; White, Kevin; Moss, Jeremy
• "Labour Casualization and the Psychosocial Health of Workers in Australia" (2016)

• McGimpsey, Ian; Tannock, Stuart; Lauder, Hugh
• "Postcapitalism: a guide to our future" (2016)

• Mercer, Samuel J R
• "Humanism and the Ideology of Work" (2018)

• Mohanty, Chandra Talpade
• "Transnational Feminist Crossings: On Neoliberalism and Radical Critique" (2013)

• Moodie, Megan
• "Microfinance and the Gender of Risk: The Case of Kiva.org" (2013)

• Moore, Phoebe V; Woodcock, Jamie
• Augmented Exploitation: Artificial Intelligence, Automation, and Work (2021)

• Negri, Antonio; Hardt, Michael
• Commonwealth (2009)

• Padios, Jan M
• A Nation on the Line: Call Centers as Postcolonial Predicaments in the Philippines (2018)

• Papadimitropoulos, Evangelos
• "Platform Capitalism, Platform Cooperativism, and the Commons" (2021)

• Peticca-Harris, A; DeGAMA, N
• "Postcapitalist precarious work and those in the 'drivers' seat: Exploring the motivations and lived experiences of Uber drivers in Canada" (2020)

  (p.46) Postcapitalism within the context of platform-based sharing economy as we have revealed, maynot be an anti-capitalist alternative but it has presented new challenges, insights, and configurations of capitalism. One such expression of postcapitalism that this article has reflected on is thework and lives of Uber drivers. Driving for Uber is a personalized, commercial endeavor, established in the dark spaces that current business models and legislation are only starting to ventureinto. It does not remedy threats to instability, precariousness or work intensification. Rather, forsome drivers, it exacerbates these realities.

• Peticca-Harris, A; DeGAMA, N; others
• "Postcapitalist precarious work and those in the 'drivers' seat: Exploring the motivations and lived experiences of Uber drivers in Canada" (2020)

• Piketty, Thomas
• Capital in the Twenty-First Century (2014)

• "About Capital in the Twenty-First Century" (2015)

• Ponce, Aida
• "Labour in the Age of AI: Why Regulation is Needed to Protect Workers" (2020)

  (p.10) As surveillance technologies can lead to violations of human dignity and workers’ rights, monitoring and tracking policies need to be clearly justified and discussed on a case-by-case basis. This must cover such aspects as what is possible, what the limits are, and where and how the data collected from the workforce comes from (for instance, private email, social media posts or offline activity). Moreover, the right to disconnect or the right to be unavailable should be respected across the board, as is already the case in some EU countries such as France.

• "Labour in the Age of AI: Why Regulation is Needed to Protect Workers" (2020)

  (p.12) With the development of AI, companies are looking after their own interests by upskilling or reskilling their employees. For workers, acquiring technical skills, although necessary, is not enough. They need to become ‘AI literate’, which is understood as being able to critically understand AI’s role and its impact on their work. This means learning to work alongside AI and to anticipate how AI will transform their career and role at work. Passively using AI systems or tools does not benefit the workers themselves; a certain distance needs to be established for them to see AI’s overall impact and influence.

• "Labour in the Age of AI: Why Regulation is Needed to Protect Workers" (2020)

  (p.2) AI has the ability to affect the workforce in many ways, both as a standalone technology or when coupledwith other technologies (robotics, machine learning, blockchain, etc.). This Foresight Brief therefore argues that a governance framework needs to be developed, and one preferably based on regulation rather than ethicalguidelines, codes of conduct or standards. Practically speaking, AI systems can impact workers in many different ways: trackers for Uber drivers, Deliveroo riders and lorry drivers; nurses connected with apps and tablets; technicians collaborating with robots in a production line; software deciding who should be promoted next, predicting outcomes and scheduling activities; etc. The impacts are many and diverse, but AI should not...

• "Labour in the Age of AI: Why Regulation is Needed to Protect Workers" (2020)

• Poster, Winifred R
• "Who's on the Line? Indian Call Center Agents Pose as Americans for US-outsourced Firms" (2007)

• Rainbird, Helen; Ramirez, Paulina
• "Bringing Social Institutions into Global Value Chain Analysis: The Case of Salmon Farming in Chile" (2012)

• Rethinking Society for the 21st Century: Report of the International Panel on Social Progress
• Rethinking Society for the 21st Century: Report of the International Panel on Social Progress (2018)

• Rifkin, Jeremy
• The End of Work : the decline of the global labor force and the dawn of the post-market era (1995)

• The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism (2014)

• Ritzer, George
• The McDonaldization of Society: An Investigation Into the Changing Character of Contemporary Social Life (1996)

• Ross, Andrew
• "The Mental Labor Problem" (2000)

• Sayer, Andrew
• "Income, work and justice" (2018)

• Schiller, Dan
• Digital Depression: Information Technology and Economic Crisis (2014)

• Schwab, Klaus; Samans, Richard
• "The Future of Jobs: Employment, Skills and Workforce Strategy for the Fourth Industrial Revolution" (2016)

• Slaughter, Sheila; Rhoades, Gary
• Academic Capitalism and the New Economy: Markets, State, and Higher Education (2004)

• Smith, Nicholas H; Deranty, Jean-Philippe
• "Work, Recognition and the Social Bond: Changing Paradigms" (2011)

• Smith, Tony
• "The ‘General Intellect’ in the Grundrisse and beyond" (2013)

• Soffia, Magdalena; Wood, Alex J; Burchell, Brendan
• "Alienation Is Not ‘Bullshit’: An Empirical Critique of Graeber’s Theory of BS Jobs" (2021)

  (p.2) The BS jobs theory suggests that many workers experience their jobs as being comprised of meaningless tasks in which they have to appear productive. As a result some academics writing on the future of work, and the post-work and anti-work traditions, have suggested that if, as Graeber claims, 30–60% of work is ‘bullshit’, radical reductions in the length of the working week could be easily achieved (e.g. Frayne, 2019; Susskind, 2020). It is important to recognise that Graeber is not simply stating that some people have useless jobs but is instead proposing a theory that seeks to explain why these...

• "Alienation Is Not ‘Bullshit’: An Empirical Critique of Graeber’s Theory of BS Jobs" (2021)

  (p.20) ... the empirical data do not support any of Graeber’s hypotheses. Therefore, the BS jobs theory must be rejected. Not only do our findings offer no support to this theory, they are often the exact opposite of what Graeber predicts. In particular, the proportion of workers who believe their paid work is not useful is declining rather than growing rapidly, and workers in professions connected to finance and with university degrees are less likely to feel their work is useless than many manual workers.

• "Alienation Is Not ‘Bullshit’: An Empirical Critique of Graeber’s Theory of BS Jobs" (2021)

  (p.21) BS jobs are a rare phenomenon. Therefore, this article debunks Graeber’s (2018) claim that millions of workers are engaged in BS jobs of no social value and that the solution is that they be set free by a universal basic income. Instead, it suggests the need for unions that are willing and able to engage in what Umney and Coderre-LaPalme (2017) term ‘meaning of work conflicts’ so as to overturn those social relations in which people’s work is devalued by toxic workplace cultures that leave workers feeling their labour is pointless and of no use.

• "Alienation Is Not ‘Bullshit’: An Empirical Critique of Graeber’s Theory of BS Jobs" (2021)

  (p.3) Our findings demonstrate that while Graeber’s (2018) specific account of BS jobs and managerial feudalism cannot be empirically sustained, his work has uncovered an important and largely unresearched social ill. The scale of the problem is far from that predicted by Graeber’s theory. Nevertheless, millions of European workers suffer from work which they feel is not useful. Moreover, this experience is strongly associated with poor wellbeing. We, therefore, finish our analyses with our own tentative explanation, inspired by Marx’s writings on alienation, for why people think their job is useless.

• "Alienation Is Not ‘Bullshit’: An Empirical Critique of Graeber’s Theory of BS Jobs" (2021)

  (p.6) Graeber (2018) believes that when individuals report their jobs as being useless, this is an accurate appraisal by the individual of their job’s social value. This, Graeber goes on to argue, is harmful to an individuals’ wellbeing as it provides little identity or purpose and, moreover, requires workers to pretend this is not the case. Graeber states this is a source of ‘spiritual violence’ that ‘makes clear the degree to which you are entirely under another person’s power’. This is held to be a psychologically damaging experience, because humans need to conceive of ‘themselves as capable of acting on the...

• "Alienation Is Not ‘Bullshit’: An Empirical Critique of Graeber’s Theory of BS Jobs" (2021)

• Standing, Guy
• Work After Globalization: Building Occupational Citizenship (2010)

• The Precariat (2011)

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• The Corruption of Capitalism: Why rentiers thrive and work does not pay (2016)

• Steinberg, Marc
• "From Automobile Capitalism to Platform Capitalism: Toyotism as a prehistory of digital platforms" (2021)

• Streeck, Wolfgang
• How Will Capitalism End?: Essays on a Failing System (2016)

• Summers, Lawrence H
• "The Age of Secular Stagnation" (2016)

• Taylor, Frederick Winslow
• The Principles of Scientific Management (1911)

• Terranova, Tiziana
• "Free Labor: Producing Culture for the Digital Economy" (2000)

• Trott, Ben
• "The ‘Fragment on Machines’ as Science Fiction; Or, Reading the Grundrisse Politically" (2017)

• Trusson, Clive; Woods, Frankie
• "An End to the Job as We Know It: How an I.T. Professional Has Experienced the Uncertainty of It Outsourcing" (2017)

• Veen, Alex; Barratt, Tom; Goods, Caleb
• "Platform-Capital’s ‘App-etite’for Control: A Labour Process Analysis of Food-Delivery Work in Australia" (2019)

• Vercellone, Carlo
• "From Formal Subsumption to General Intellect: Elements for a Marxist Reading of the Thesis of Cognitive Capitalism" (2007)

• Walmart in the Global South Workplace Culture, Labor Politics, and Supply Chains E
• Walmart in the Global South Workplace Culture, Labor Politics, and Supply Chains E (2018)

• Walsh, Adrian
• "Factory Work, Burdens, and Compensation" (1999)

• Wax, A L
• "Something for Nothing: Liberal Justice and Welfare Work Requirements" (2003)

• Weeks, Kathi
• "Life Within and Against Work: Affective Labor, Feminist Critique, and Post-Fordist Politics" (2007)

• White, Stuart
• "What's Wrong with Workfare?" (2004)

• Williams, Colin C
• A Commodified World? Mapping the Limits of Capitalism (2005)

• "Non-Commodified Labour" (2014)

• Wittel, Andreas
• "Digital Marx: Toward a Political Economy of Distributed Media" (2016)

• Zuboff, Shoshana
• "The Work Ethic and Work Organization" (1983)