Automation
• Digital Labour

References for Theme: Digital Labour

• Altenried, Moritz
• "The platform as factory: Crowdwork and the hidden labour behind artificial intelligence" (2020)

• Benanav, Aaron
• Automation and the Future of Work (2020)

• Berardi, Franco
• The Soul at Work: From Alienation to Autonomy (2009)

• Casilli, Antonio
• "Digital Labor Studies Go Global: Toward a Digital Decolonial Turn" (2017)

• Casilli, Antonio; Posada, Julian
• "The Platformization of Society" (2019)

• Casilli, Antonio; Tubaro, Paola; Le Ludec, Clément; Coville, Marion; Besenval, Maxime; Mouhtare, Touhfat; Wahal, Elinor
• "Micro-work in France. Behind Automation, New Forms of Precarious Labour?" (2019)

• Celentano, Denise
• "Automation, Labour Justice, and Equality" (2019)

• Dyer-Witheford, Nick
• Cyber-proletariat: Global Labour in the Digital Vortex (2015)

• Fish, Adam; Srinivasan, Ramesh
• "Digital Labor is the New Killer App" (2012)

• Flecker, Jörg
• Space, Place and Global Digital Work (2016)

• Flecker, Jörg; Herr, Benjamin
• "Microwork" (2019)

• Fuchs, Christian
• "Marx’s Capital in the Information Age" (2017)

• "Appropriation of Digital Machines and Appropriation of Fixed Capital as the Real Appropriation of Social Being: Reflections on Toni Negri’s Chapter" (2019)

• Fuchs, Christian; Mosco, Vincent
• Marx in the Age of Digital Capitalism (2016)

• Gallagher, Michael
• "Moving Beyond Microwork: Rebundling Digital Education and Reterritorialising Digital Labour" (2019)

• Graham, Mark; Hjorth, Isis; Lehdonvirta, Vili
• "Digital Labour and Development: Impacts of Global Digital Labour Platforms and the Gig Economy on Worker Livelihoods" (2017)

• Gray, Mary; Suri, Siddarth
• Ghost Work: How to Stop Silicon Valley from Building a New Global Underclass (2019)

• Howcroft, Debra; Bergvall-Kåreborn, Birgitta
• "A Typology of Crowdwork Platforms" (2019)

• Huws, Ursula
• Labor in the Global Digital Economy: The Cybertariat Comes of Age (2014)

• Ipeirotis, Panagiotis G
• "Demographics of Mechanical Turk" (2010)

• Irani, Lilly
• "The Cultural Work of Microwork" (2015)

  doi: 10.1177/1461444813511926

• Justice for “Data Janitors”
• "Justice for “Data Janitors”" (2015)

• Kaivo-Oja, Jari; Roth, Steffen; Westerlund, Leo
• "Futures of Robotics. Human Work in Digital Transformation" (2017)

• Kingsley, Sara; Gray, Mary-Louise; Suri, Siddharth
• "Monopsony and the Crowd: Labor for Lemons?" (2014)

• Kost, Dominique; Fieseler, Christian; Wong, Sut I
• "Finding meaning in a hopeless place? The construction of meaningfulness in digital microwork" (2018)

• Kost, Dominique; Wong, Sut I; Fieseler, Christian
• "The construction of meaning in digital microwork" (2016)

• Lemmens, Pieter
• "Social Autonomy and Heteronomy in the Age of ICT: The Digital Pharmakon and the (Dis)Empowerment of the General Intellect" (2017)

• Malin, Brenton J; Chandler, Curry
• "Free to Work Anxiously: Splintering Precarity Among Drivers for Uber and Lyft" (2016)

• Maraut, Stéphane; Martínez, Catalina; Dalle, Jean Michel; Den Besten, Matthijs
• "Microwork platforms as enablers to new ecosystems and business models: the challenge of managing difficult tasks" (2017)

• Morozov, Evgeny
• "Socialize the Data Centres!" (2015)

• Pasquinelli, Matteo; Joler, Vladan
• "The Nooscope manifested: AI as instrument of knowledge extractivism" (2020)

  (p.1) In the expression ‘artifcial intelligence’, the adjective ‘artifcial’ carries the myth of the technology’s autonomy; it hints to caricatural ‘alien minds’ that self-reproduce in silico but, actually, mystifes two processes of proper alienation; the growing geopolitical autonomy of hi-tech companies and the invisibilization of workers’ autonomy worldwide. The modern project to mechanise human reason has clearly mutated, in the twenty first century, into a corporate regime of knowledge extractivism and epistemic colonialism.

• "The Nooscope manifested: AI as instrument of knowledge extractivism" (2020)

  (p.15) Rather than studying only how technology works, critical inquiry studies also how it breaks, how subjects rebel against its normative control and workers sabotage its gears. In this sense, a way to sound the limits of AI is to look at hacking practices. Hacking is an important method of knowledge production, a crucial epistemic probe into the obscurity of AI. Deep learning systems for face recognition have triggered, for instance, forms of counter-surveillance activism. Through techniques of face obfuscation, humans have decided to become unintelligible to artifcial intelligence: that is to become, themselves, black boxes. The traditional techniques of obfuscation against surveillance immediately acquire a mathematical dimension in the age of...

• "The Nooscope manifested: AI as instrument of knowledge extractivism" (2020)

  (p.16) The natures of the ‘input’ and ‘output’ of machine learning have to be clarified. AI troubles are not only about information bias but also labour. AI is not just a control apparatus, but also a productive one. As just mentioned, an invisible workforce is involved in each step of its assembly line (dataset composition, algorithm supervision, model evaluation, etc.). Pipelines of endless tasks innervate from the Global North into the Global South; crowdsourced platforms of workers from Venezuela, Brazil and Italy, for instance, are crucial to teach German self-driving cars ‘how to see’. Against the idea of alien intelligence at...

• "The Nooscope manifested: AI as instrument of knowledge extractivism" (2020)

• Peters, Michael A; Jandrić, Petar; Means, Alexander J
• Education and Technological Unemployment (2019)

• Schiller, Dan
• Digital Depression: Information Technology and Economic Crisis (2014)

• Terranova, Tiziana
• "Free Labor: Producing Culture for the Digital Economy" (2000)

• Tubaro, ; Ludec, Le; Casilli,
• "Counting ‘micro-workers’: societal and methodological challenges around new forms of labour" (2020)

• Tubaro, Paola
• "Disembedded or Deeply Embedded? A Multi-Level Network Analysis of Online Labour Platforms" (2021)

• Tubaro, Paola; Casilli, Antonio A
• "Micro-work, artificial intelligence and the automotive industry" (2019)

• Tubaro, Paola; Casilli, Antonio A; Coville, Marion
• "The trainer, the verifier, the imitator: Three ways in which human platform workers support artificial intelligence" (2020)

• Wexler, Steven
• "(I’m)Material Labor in the Digital Age" (2009)

• Wittel, Andreas
• "Digital Marx: Toward a Political Economy of Distributed Media" (2016)