For Work / Against Work
Debates on the centrality of work

References for Theme: Xenophon Citations

  • Xenophon
    • Memorabilia (1997)
      (p.107) For of all things good and fair, the gods give nothing to man without toil and effort. If you want the favour of the gods, you must worship the gods: if you desire the love of friends, you must do good to your friends: if you covet honour from a city, you must aid that city: if you are fain to win the admiration of all Hellas for virtue, you must strive to do good to Hellas: if you want land to yield you fruits in abundance, you must cultivate that land: if you are resolved to get wealth from...
    • Memorabilia. Oeconomicus. Symposium. Apology (1997)
      (p.163) (Memorabilia)“And so, just because they are free and related to you, you think they should do nothing but eat and sleep? Do you find that other free folk who live this sort of life are better off and happier than those who are usefully employed in work that they understand? Or is it your experience that idleness and carelessness help people to learn what they ought to know and remember what they learn, to make themselves healthy and strong, and to get and keep things that are of practical use, but industry and carefulness are useless things? When these women...
    • Memorabilia. Oeconomicus. Symposium. Apology (1997)
      (p.191) (Memorabilia)“And have you considered how to make the men obey you? Because without that horses and men, however good and gallant, are of no use.”“True, but what is the best way of encouraging them to obey, Socrates?”“Well, I suppose you know that under all conditions human beings are most willing to obey those whom they believe to be the best.8 Thus in sickness they most readily obey the doctor, on board ship the pilot, on a farm the farmer whom they think to be most capable at farming.”“Yes, certainly.”“Then it is likely that in horsemanship too, one who clearly knows...
    • Memorabilia. Oeconomicus. Symposium. Apology (1997)
      (p.415) (Oeconomicus)“Surely, Socrates, there is no need to go through the whole list. For it is not easy to get workmen who are skilled in all the occupations, nor is it possible to become an expert in them all. Please select the branches of knowledge that seem the noblest and would be most suitable for me to cultivate: show me these, and those who practice them; and from your own knowledge give me any help you can toward learning them.” “Very good, Critobulus; for to be sure, the so-called banausic occupations are scorned and, naturally enough, held in low regard in...
    • Memorabilia. Oeconomicus. Symposium. Apology (1997)
      (p.425) (Oeconomicus)   “Furthermore, the story goes that when Lysander came to him bringing the gifts from the allies, this Cyrus treated him in friendly fashion, as Lysander himself related once to a stranger at Megara, adding besides that Cyrus personally showed him around his paradise at Sardis. Now Lysander admired the beauty of the trees there, the accuracy of their spacing, the straightness of the rows, the regularity of the angles, and the multitude of sweet scents that clung around them as they walked; and in amazement he exclaimed, ‘Cyrus, I really do admire all this loveliness, but I am far...
    • Memorabilia. Oeconomicus. Symposium. Apology (1997)
      (p.427) (Oeconomicus)“I’m telling you this,” continued Socrates, “because not even the wealthiest can do without farming. For the pursuit of it is in some sense a luxury as well as a means of increasing one’s estate and of training the body in all that a free man should be able to do. In the first place, the earth yields to cultivators the food by which people live; she yields besides the luxuries they enjoy. Secondly, she supplies what they use to decorate altars and statues and themselves, along with most pleasant sights and scents. Thirdly, she produces or feeds the ingredients...
    • Memorabilia. Oeconomicus. Symposium. Apology (1997)
      (p.429) (Oeconomicus)“Yet again, because the earth is a goddess she also teaches righteousness to those who can learn; for the better she is served, the greater the benefits she gives in return. So if at any time those who are occupied in farming and are receiving a rigorous and manly teaching are forced by great armies to quit their lands, because they are men well prepared in mind and body, they can invade the country of those who keep them out of their own and take what they need to support themselves. Often in time of war it is safer to...
    • Memorabilia. Oeconomicus. Symposium. Apology (1997)
      (p.435) (Oeconomicus)  We thought that it is impossible to learn all the branches of knowledge, and we agreed with our cities in rejecting the so-called banausic occupations because they seem to spoil the body and enervate the mind. We said that the clearest proof of this would be evident if in the course of a hostile invasion the farmers and craftsmen were made to sit apart, and each group were asked whether they voted for defending the land or withdrawing from the open and guarding the city walls. We thought that in these circumstances the men who are occupied with the...
    • Memorabilia. Oeconomicus. Symposium. Apology (1997)
      (p.509) (Oeconomicus) “Well, I won’t go on to ask whether anything more is needed in your man, after you have implanted in him a desire for your prosperity and have made him also careful to see that you achieve it, and have obtained for him, besides, the knowledge needed to ensure that every piece of work done will add to the profits, and further, have made him capable of governing, and when besides all this, he takes as much delight in producing grand harvests for you in due season as you would take if you did the work yourself. For it seems...
    • Oeconomicus (1997)
      (p.423) some say, Critobulus, that when the king bestows gifts, he first invites those who have distinguished themselves in war, because it is useless to have broad acres under tillage unless there are men to defend them; and next to them, those who best stock and cultivate the land, saying that even stouthearted warriors cannot live without the aid of workers.
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