For Work / Against Work
Debates on the centrality of work

"What Do Platforms Do? Understanding the Gig Economy"

by Vallas, Steven; Schor, Juliet B (2020)

Abstract

The rapid growth of the platform economy has provoked scholarly discussion of its consequences for the nature of work and employment. We identify four major themes in the literature on platform work and the underlying metaphors associated with each. Platforms are seen as entrepreneurial incubators, digital cages, accelerants of precarity, and chameleons adapting to their environments. Each of these devices has limitations, which leads us to introduce an alternative image of platforms: as permissive potentates that externalize responsibility and control over economic transactions while still exercising concentrated power. As a consequence, platforms represent a distinct type of governance mechanism, different from markets, hierarchies, or networks, and therefore pose a unique set of problems for regulators, workers, and their competitors in the conventional economy. Reflecting the instability of the platform structure, struggles over regulatory regimes are dynamic and difficult to predict, but they are sure to gain in prominence as the platform economy grows.

Key Passage

Originally considered a curious novelty, labor platforms have now established themselves as important players in domestic and, increasingly, global labor markets. Scholars have produced several insightful theorizations of them. We identified four controlling images in the literature; however, each has weaknesses. We have added a fifth, which contends that from the point of view of labor and the future of work, platforms should be thought of as a new economic form, distinct from markets, firms, and networks.  (p.687)

Keywords

Platform Economy, Gig Economy, Gig Work, Precarious Work, Regulation

Themes

Platforms, Gig Work

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